I write the following post hoping that it can be useful to someone who is about or just took home kittens, little cats of 0 to 2 weeks and you don’t have their mother.
To Mods: please feel free to correct my English in order to make this better understandable, if so your kind help is highly appreciated.
Edit: I'll add new things on this first post in order not to take too much space and keep the info together.
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What follows is the result of suggestion of 2 Vets and my personal experience (together with my wife) in growing 3 little kittens without their mother: against all odds all of them survived.
1) They don’t know yet how to eat/drink and urinate/defecate by themselves.
2) They need to eat at least 10% of their bodyweight per day of water soluble milk, but it’s safer if you’re able to reach 15/20%
3) In any case the little cat MUST eat every 2 (maximum 3 hours) no matter what. One of ours needed really to be forced a lot, was crying desperately, but you have no choice.
4) If the kitten has diarrhea the a.m. point is of the utmost importance.
5) Dysentery it’s common given that the artificial milk is a big change for them: you must buy a dough that you need to give them, just put it on your finger and force it into the kitten mouth. In Italy we have this product (see picture) so in USA you’ll have at least 10 different brands.
6) Your biggest enemy will be diarrhea so you may need to help the kitten in not getting dehydrated by injecting Ringer’s solution 2 to 3 times a day. We almost lost one kitten for this reason but in First Aid Vet we were successful in saving her life.
7) Keep in mind that some kittens just don’t seem to be interested at all in eating from the little baby-bottle: force them, no matter what.
Skipping a meal can really be fatal.
8 If you see that one of them seem to have trouble waking up correctly it’s a sign that he/she needs to eat more or the last meal was too far away: it’s a wake-up call.
9) Since they are also growing teeth very frequently they just chew the rubber point of the baby-bottle but don’t give up, it’s normal.
10) If you have more kittens and one of them is absolutely not eating, when feeding him/her keep one of the other near: competition for food will trigger, we were successful because of this.
11) Don’t worry about water, if they eat enough milk it’s not necessary.
12) For urine and poo they MUST be stimulated manually: the former with a soft absorbent paper, passing it over the genitals like it’s their mother’s tongue.
For poo you should buy vaseline oil and use your lubricated finger to stimulate the anus.
Every 48 hours or so they will defecate a soft light-brown material.
13) What Andy said about water is correct, but not for the first 4 to 5 weeks.
This because they really are not able to ingest so much fluids and it’s absolutely necessary to put in as much as nutrients as possible.
Remember that we’re talking about a kitten of 250 grs and just by skipping a meal we found one of them unconscious and with body temperature extremely low.
In essence we need to pack as much as nutrients as possible in that little stomach.
All three of them started drinking water by themselves by week 5 or so.
14) Another important point: as with humans you’ll always have a kitten which is smarter and starts doing vital things (like drinking water for example) before the others.
Be sure that the others are around him: they will learn from him (at least when they’ll start to see more clearly).