Asthma is the most common chronic childhood condition and a leading cause of school absences. This means that in a classroom of 30 children, two children are likely to have asthma. Unlike many other childhood illnesses, both hospitalizations and complications due to asthma are increasing. Recent scientific advances have led to changes in our understanding and treatment of asthma. While asthma cannot be cured, it can be controlled so that children can be active and healthy.