we will pay them back a lot of it - but it'll be in the form of resources. Didn't china just pick up 1% of oil rights in some chunk of america? I bet that'll be a lot higher than 1percent, a few decades from now.
There will be arm-twisting and dick measuring, rockets fired over traffic jams and earthquakes delivered to send messages...
but in the end, things will always pretty much be the same for us. In 50 or 100 years, it'll look different as it'll get there gradually... but for us, we're really worrying about nothing.