Shoulder impingement is so dependent on your genetics and how much weight you use. I developed extreme pain from overhead presses and lateral raises because the acromium process of my shoulders actually curves down at the end. This meant that as I raise my arms overhead the rotator cuff muscles actually jammed against the bone.
The cure is to bring your arms slightly forward in pressing or in the case of laterals, bend forward and rotate your hands to a more thumbs up position. After these changes no more pain.
Damage to the rotator cuff can happen in weeks in some people, years in others. The reality is you don't actually have to do any overhead pressing to develop your shoulder muscles, so why risk it?