-Chronic exposure to the AAS ND in supra-physiological doses is associated with learning and memory impairments17, including neuronal plasticity.18 Unfortunately exercise does not improve the cognitive impairment.1 However, growth hormone (GH) used in adjuct with ND has been shown to improve and even reverse certain negative effects on memory.2 Erythropoietin (EPO) may also be useful as a neuroprotective agent in brain injury caused by AAS/ND abuse.3
-Due to the neurochemical changes from ND usage, the rewarding properties of cocaine on the brain may be reversed or have no effect. 12
-ND produces an accelerated clot development and an increased clot firmness which leads to stroke. If we supplement with sufficient amounts of Taurine daily, we can partially restore the altered parameters of the coagulation profile. 4
-ND upregulates aromatase expression, making AIs mandatory as there will be far more conversion of testosterone to estrogen. One can hypothesize that the ND "bloat" may actually be largely due to increased estrogen levels indirectly caused by the ND.5
-ND may also impair cardiac tissue remodeling, which may in the long term lead to heart malfunction. 7 Cardiac hypertrophy with ND is certain. 10,14
-ND seems to down-regulate the stress-induced hormonal cascade. 8 This is rather fascinating to imagine the full implications of these findings. One who is undergoing ND treatment will not react to stress (any variety) in the same way, they should feel almost no effects from the stress. This may also give support for the use of ND when dieting, as the body would be undergoing tremendous stress at caloric deficit, ND could mitigate negative effects such as catabolism on multiple pathways.
-ND seems to be genotoxic (cause DNA damage, which can in time lead to cancer) to at least the leukocytes, liver, bone marrow, brain and testicle cells. 11
-ND seems to weaken the immune system causing increased mortality after septic shock. Significant infection is also possible via injection of contaminated AAS, pairing this with ND abuse may prove potentially fatal. 13