macros = definitely believe in keeping protein as the main % of calories when metabolizing bodyfat. you can go low fat or low carb along with it, i think for bodybuilders low carb is going to be a bit better, unless your trying to lose fat super quickly or your obese.
Calories in vs. calories out = the laws of thermodynamics are real and you must have a defecit of energy. however, not all calories are equal. calories in can equal calories out. for example if your bmr is 2k cal, but you eat 400g protein, then you just took in 1600 cal but you also boosted bmr by about 600 cal through thermic effect of feeding. also if youve been on low carbs and your glycogen depleted, then you can eat a ton of carbs and still lose fat because your body will rely on body fat whilethe carbs you eat go to replenish glycogen. so calories in vs. calories out is not the everything.
Keto or Carbs = as a hard trainign bodybuilder we are constantly depleting glycogen,, sensitizing muscle cells t insulin, and doing hard training which demands glucose as fuel. for me it only makes to sense to incluse some carbs in your diet. and if you consuming carbs in your diet along with the high protein i feel is necessary, then that doesnt leave any room for fat intake or else you wont be losign much fat. so for me i think the answer is high protein moderate carb low fat. with the exception of fish oils and evening primrose oils which will only be beneficicial.
PWO nutrition. = on low carb days i would skip the post workout shake to boost fat burning, but keep whey pre workout to avoid catabolism. on high carb days i would do both pre and post workout shakes.
everything = basically eating moderate protion sizes based mostly on lean proteins and veggies, with staggered energy macro intake at certain times for certain reasons.