Interesting. I am not in a surgical field so don't have any experience with that. I speak specifically from a family practice perspective. I'm sure there are lots of abuses, but I think many of those come from the hospital systems now and not the doctor. As an example, the doctors at the cleveland clinic may assign a code for their visit but the extra charges tacked on come from the billing departments and/or auditors, particularly when procedures and surgeries are done. It's a lot more difficult to overcharge in family practice, we basically take what we are given by regular E&M code reimbursements, it's not much. I am reimbursed $55-59 for a typical (99213) follow up visit.
Kaje & I may not be in financial hardship now but we did more than our share of volunteer and non-paid work throughout training and in practice, that I can assure you. We also basically waited 8-12 yrs later than our counterparts to make significant $ and paid debts back for years, so I feel absolutely no regret in being about to make a good wage now (still well under Obama's $200K/yr tax penalties).
Kaje, what kind of doc are you? Good discussion!