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Getbig Main Boards => Gossip & Opinions => Topic started by: loco on October 09, 2020, 12:32:18 PM

Title: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: loco on October 09, 2020, 12:32:18 PM
Consumer Reports found toxic PFAS chemicals in several popular water brands, especially carbonated ones

https://www.consumerreports.org/bottled-water/whats-really-in-your-bottled-water/
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Mr Anabolic on October 09, 2020, 02:03:58 PM
I buy Evian when it goes on sale at Sam's Club... a little over $1 a quart.  Very pure (no fluoride either) and the plastic they use does not leech Bisphenol-A.  The store brand water that Walmart, Target and regular supermarkets sell is garbage.  The more collapsible the plastic bottle is, the more potential for Bisphenol contamination.  All my tap/cooking water at home is triple filtered.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: joswift on October 09, 2020, 02:11:42 PM
 no one ever told you how much to water to drink until they started selling it in bottles
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: visualizeperfection on October 09, 2020, 02:47:47 PM
no one ever told you how much to water to drink until they started selling it in bottles

This is very thought provoking.

I have done some research and found that our purified and bottled water is literally absent minerals and salts that actually make you retain hydration. I drank a gallon of bottled water and piss all day but feel dehydrated.

Recently started drinking tap water with a sea salt solution and have been feeling like a million bucks on about a liter or so a day.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Mr Anabolic on October 09, 2020, 02:55:47 PM
This is very thought provoking.

I have done some research and found that our purified and bottled water is literally absent minerals and salts that actually make you retain hydration. I drank a gallon of bottled water and piss all day but feel dehydrated.

Recently started drinking tap water with a sea salt solution and have been feeling like a million bucks on about a liter or so a day.

Is your tap water is fluoridated?... if so, you don't want that in your body.  You can send a sample of the tap water to a 3rd party lab and have it analyzed. 
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: ThisisOverload on October 09, 2020, 02:57:24 PM
Damn, Topo Chico not looking well.

Most of our tap water is garbage too.  It really depends on where you live and how the area treats it's water supply.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: visualizeperfection on October 09, 2020, 02:58:01 PM
Is your tap water is fluoridated?... if so, you don't want that in your body.  You can send a sample of the tap water to a 3rd party lab and have it analyzed.

Couldn’t tell you. I can bench my body weight for almost 30 reps. Fluoride sounds like a concern for a much smaller man. 
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Mr Anabolic on October 09, 2020, 03:03:12 PM
Couldn’t tell you. I can bench my body weight for almost 30 reps. Fluoride sounds like a concern for a much smaller man.

I know you're a big tough guy and all, but you need to do some homework.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: robcguns on October 09, 2020, 03:17:46 PM
Couldn’t tell you. I can bench my body weight for almost 30 reps. Fluoride sounds like a concern for a much smaller man.

How tall are you and how much you weigh? Just curious to your benching ability.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: visualizeperfection on October 09, 2020, 03:18:48 PM
How tall are you and how much you weigh? Just curious to your benching ability.

Currently weighing in at 125 pounds, 6’3. I mostly do high reps for cuts.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Van_Bilderass on October 09, 2020, 03:32:44 PM
This is very thought provoking.

I have done some research and found that our purified and bottled water is literally absent minerals and salts that actually make you retain hydration. I drank a gallon of bottled water and piss all day but feel dehydrated.

Recently started drinking tap water with a sea salt solution and have been feeling like a million bucks on about a liter or so a day.

Yes electrolytes are very important. Other food ingredients are also important for hydration. Milk is actually better than plain water to "hold" water in the body.

https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/25/health/best-drinks-for-hydration-wellness/index.html

For rehydration after a workout a whole food meal with water is better than just water.

Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: IroNat on October 09, 2020, 03:43:14 PM
The article says the levels of chemicals are well below federal guidelines.

Nothing to see here...move along.

According to this article there has never been BPA in PET (#1) bottles used for bottled water.

https://www.factsaboutbpa.org/blog/explanation-bpa-plastic-water-bottles
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Walter Sobchak on October 09, 2020, 04:27:07 PM
Parts per trillion folks.

Parts per trillion.

Not rinsing the tomatoes you bought at the grocery store will give you a million times more risk to carcinogens
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Mr Anabolic on October 09, 2020, 04:48:52 PM
The article says the levels of chemicals are well below federal guidelines.

Nothing to see here...move along.

According to this article there has never been BPA in PET (#1) bottles used for bottled water.

https://www.factsaboutbpa.org/blog/explanation-bpa-plastic-water-bottles

Because the FDA or someone who works for the FDA says so? - lol

You trust government agencies?
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: IroNat on October 09, 2020, 05:29:24 PM
Because the FDA or someone who works for the FDA says so? - lol

You trust govternment agencies?

The FDA is part of a conspiracy to poison American citizens.

The FAA is part of a conspiracy to crash planes.

The NWS is part of a conspiracy to cause hurricanes.

(https://media1.tenor.com/images/c61ffc3376d31a77a22de41278850c6f/tenor.gif)

Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Teutonic Knight 1 on October 09, 2020, 05:35:26 PM
I buy Evian when it goes on sale at Sam's Club... a little over $1 a quart.  Very pure (no fluoride either) and the plastic they use does not leech Bisphenol-A.  The store brand water that Walmart, Target and regular supermarkets sell is garbage.  The more collapsible the plastic bottle is, the more potential for Bisphenol contamination.  All my tap/cooking water at home is triple filtered.

EVIAN = NAIVE  ;)
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Dave D on October 09, 2020, 07:33:13 PM
Tap water is bad.

 But so is bottled  water.

Filtered water is better but it filters out minerals.

Remember when the city of Flint was drinking lead and how it killed the population.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: The Scott on October 09, 2020, 08:47:13 PM
I don't buy "bottled" water. 
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Tapeworm on October 09, 2020, 09:37:33 PM
Tap water is bad.

 But so is bottled  water.

Filtered water is better but it filters out minerals.

Remember when the city of Flint was drinking lead and how it killed the population.

I thought only reverse osmosis removed minerals?

It doesn't remove chloramine though, or not the ammonia portion, I think. Residence time in charcoal seems to be the thing for it.

I've got chloramine treated water and am interested in systems for drinking water. I'm not so precious as to need a mega system that takes care of shower water, but would prefer not to consume the stuff and it's metabolites.

What's the solution for chloramine and do you have to remineralize?
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Dave D on October 09, 2020, 10:22:28 PM
I thought only reverse osmosis removed minerals?

It doesn't remove chloramine though, or not the ammonia portion, I think. Residence time in charcoal seems to be the thing for it.

I've got chloramine treated water and am interested in systems for drinking water. I'm not so precious as to need a mega system that takes care of shower water, but would prefer not to consume the stuff and it's metabolites.

What's the solution for chloramine and do you have to remineralize?

You're correct bro. I thought I typed purified. But just because water is purified  ot doesn't necessarily removes minerals.

At one time I had a filtration system on my faucet and I would often run that water through a Brita water filter... then I lived with well water and now I drink tap.....
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Walter Sobchak on October 09, 2020, 11:28:16 PM
Tap water is bad.

 But so is bottled  water.

Filtered water is better but it filters out minerals.

Remember when the city of Flint was drinking lead and how it killed the population.

 Not quite.

After decades of having its users not pay their water bills, the Flint Water Utility could no longer afford to operate. As a cost savings measure, politicians decided to switch from water supplied by the City of Detroit, to water from the Flint River, while a pipeline to Lake Huron was being built.

The Flint River is of low water quality and required high chlorine doses for disinfection. Leaving water with a high chlorine residual in the water lines promoted the formation of TTHMS and the leaching of lead out of the homeowner’s lead water services. There was an outbreak of Legionnaires disease that killed people, but lead didn’t.

So after decades of not having their customers pay their water bills, the Flint Water Utility did not have the money to replace the lead services lines up to the homeowner’s property line. Of course as many of you know, the homeowner is responsible for replacing their own water service from the property line to their house (which the citizens of Flint did not do).

The result was an increase of lead levels in children, which is harmful and can cause a number of serious health issues. So what happened....the citizens who didn’t pay their water bills and who didn’t replace their part of their water service lines...protested until the taxpayers footed the bill for new lines, new water transmission lines, new water distribution lines, new treatment facilities, bottled water and home filtration units.

That’s a condensed version of what really happened. Understanding the demographics of Flint, MI makes this a lot easier to figure out how something like this could happen.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Matt on October 10, 2020, 12:53:26 AM
Not quite.

After decades of having its users not pay their water bills, the Flint Water Utility could no longer afford to operate. As a cost savings measure, politicians decided to switch from water supplied by the City of Detroit, to water from the Flint River, while a pipeline to Lake Huron was being built.

The Flint River is of low water quality and required high chlorine doses for disinfection. Leaving water with a high chlorine residual in the water lines promoted the formation of TTHMS and the leaching of lead out of the homeowner’s lead water services. There was an outbreak of Legionnaires disease that killed people, but lead didn’t.

So after decades of not having their customers pay their water bills, the Flint Water Utility did not have the money to replace the lead services lines up to the homeowner’s property line. Of course as many of you know, the homeowner is responsible for replacing their own water service from the property line to their house (which the citizens of Flint did not do).

The result was an increase of lead levels in children, which is harmful and can cause a number of serious health issues. So what happened....the citizens who didn’t pay their water bills and who didn’t replace their part of their water service lines...protested until the taxpayers footed the bill for new lines, new water transmission lines, new water distribution lines, new treatment facilities, bottled water and home filtration units.

That’s a condensed version of what really happened. Understanding the demographics of Flint, MI makes this a lot easier to figure out how something like this could happen.

My friend's dad was laughing hysterically as Jewish journalist Jon Stuart Libowitz [Jon Stewart] covered this, and was specifically blaming old White men.  I told him that the Black people didn't pay for their water bill, SO WHAT THE FUCK DO YOU THINK HAPPENS?

But he's just a dumb shit.  Just a stupid welder.  Not to bash welders - welding pays a lot of money, so getting involved with it for that would be fine. But that's not why he did it.  He did it because he wasn't smart enough to pursue anything else.  So he is a fucking idiot.  And to hear that dumb shit laugh as Jon Stewart blamed it all on White men.

Couldn't Stewart just say NOTHING?  WHY must he take an obvious racial thing [Black incompetence] and blame it on White people?  ::)  Blacks in Flint had their water cut off because they chronically didn't pay the bill for years.

Oh...and "The Daily Show" or whatever Stewart's show was called asked to let Blacks pay for their water as a portion of their total income.  HOW THE FUCK DO YOU PAY A PORTION OF A MONTHLY RECURRING FUCKING BILL???  ::)

So if the bill is $15 [or however low it is], was Jewish journalist Jon Stewart suggesting that the Black population of Flint should pay $2.50 a month?  LOL...how does that ultimately pay down the RECURRING BILL?

But no - Jon Stewart is too stupid to understand that Black people need to pay for their water bill too, and Black people are apparently too stupid to pay a bill that I would bet is under $20 a month.

And racial diversity is the USA's greatest strength according to Jewish journalists ["comedians"] like Jon Stewart Libotwitz.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: pellius on October 10, 2020, 02:32:34 AM
This is very thought provoking.

I have done some research and found that our purified and bottled water is literally absent minerals and salts that actually make you retain hydration. I drank a gallon of bottled water and piss all day but feel dehydrated.

Recently started drinking tap water with a sea salt solution and have been feeling like a million bucks on about a liter or so a day.

I think if someone is really concerned about their health they should just get regular blood work. It's covered by insurance and I've never had a doctor refuse me. It's no skin off their nose to prescribe blood tests. That way there is no second guessing. You will know exactly your levels for anything you want. If you're a bber I would think you would want to know what your Test levels and igf levels are. Also, you may catch things early before it becomes a problem because often you don't feel anything until it's too late. A friend of mine last year found out he was in the beginning of stage 3 CKD (chronic kidney disease) when his eGFR was checked. He was able to determine that it was his nonstop use of Tren. He doesn't compete so he never used diuretics. After stopping he slowly went back up and is holding steady at stage 2. Also, liver enzymes should be monitored and it does seem to be true both from my experience back in my thirties and forties, and the experience of others, that injectables don't seem to have much effect on the liver but oral definitely do. Also, for those that buy ug HGH you definitely want to get your baseline igf so you can determine if the ug brand you are using is actually working.

I tried MK-677 and it definitely raised my igf level. But it makes you want to eat constantly and I started getting some chub on my stomach. I also got an increase in blood pressure but that seem to taper off after a couple of weeks.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Body-Buildah on October 10, 2020, 02:55:40 AM
I have a well, dont drink the water or cook with it. Testing always shows high bacteria, you always have to be treating it, testing it, etc.
Plus it would taste like Chlorine if drunk after all the treating.

Bottled is probably crap, but safer bacteria wise than the well. I fill those "Primo" 5-gallon jugs (like 5 a week) at the local fill station for $1.95 for 5-gallons.
(So less than 10.00 a week). Not really too concerned how "healthy" it is or isn't at this point. The extra jugs filled w/ sand makes for decent implements for Hillbilly yard lifting, light farmers, etc.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: pellius on October 10, 2020, 03:14:58 AM
Couldn’t tell you. I can bench my body weight for almost 30 reps. Fluoride sounds like a concern for a much smaller man.

LOL! Good answer!
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: pellius on October 10, 2020, 03:17:48 AM
Tap water is bad.

 But so is bottled  water.

Filtered water is better but it filters out minerals.

Remember when the city of Flint was drinking lead and how it killed the population.

So essentially all water is bad. What do you drink?
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: pellius on October 10, 2020, 03:21:38 AM
Not quite.

After decades of having its users not pay their water bills, the Flint Water Utility could no longer afford to operate. As a cost savings measure, politicians decided to switch from water supplied by the City of Detroit, to water from the Flint River, while a pipeline to Lake Huron was being built.

The Flint River is of low water quality and required high chlorine doses for disinfection. Leaving water with a high chlorine residual in the water lines promoted the formation of TTHMS and the leaching of lead out of the homeowner’s lead water services. There was an outbreak of Legionnaires disease that killed people, but lead didn’t.

So after decades of not having their customers pay their water bills, the Flint Water Utility did not have the money to replace the lead services lines up to the homeowner’s property line. Of course as many of you know, the homeowner is responsible for replacing their own water service from the property line to their house (which the citizens of Flint did not do).

The result was an increase of lead levels in children, which is harmful and can cause a number of serious health issues. So what happened....the citizens who didn’t pay their water bills and who didn’t replace their part of their water service lines...protested until the taxpayers footed the bill for new lines, new water transmission lines, new water distribution lines, new treatment facilities, bottled water and home filtration units.

That’s a condensed version of what really happened. Understanding the demographics of Flint, MI makes this a lot easier to figure out how something like this could happen.

I am so glad you wrote this. I knew there was more to the story as presented in the MSM and the movies. There always is.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: pellius on October 10, 2020, 03:31:36 AM
I have a well, dont drink the water or cook with it. Testing always shows high bacteria, you always have to be treating it, testing it, etc.
Plus it would taste like Chlorine if drunk after all the treating.

Bottled is probably crap, but safer bacteria wise than the well. I fill those "Primo" 5-gallon jugs (like 5 a week) at the local fill station for $1.95 for 5-gallons.
(So less than 10.00 a week). Not really too concerned how "healthy" it is or isn't at this point. The extra jugs filled w/ sand makes for decent implements for Hillbilly yard lifting, light farmers, etc.

So you think the water from those fill stations are safer than bottled water?

How come most people don't get sick from drinking just tap water? Previous generations drank nothing but tap water and there wasn't nearly as many regulations as there are now. Has anybody's father or grandfather died an early death that can be linked to drinking tap water? My Dad only drank tap water, ate anything he wanted, and for the last 20 years of his life lived also exclusively on Deli foods because he lived alone, didn't cook, and the grocery store was right across the street. He lived to 87 years old and died of a heart attack.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Body-Buildah on October 10, 2020, 03:44:49 AM
So you think the water from those fill stations are safer than bottled water?

How come most people don't get sick from drinking just tap water? Previous generations drank nothing but tap water and there wasn't nearly as many regulations as there are now. Has anybody's father or grandfather died an early death that can be linked to drinking tap water? My Dad only drank tap water, ate anything he wanted, and for the last 20 years of his life lived also exclusively on Deli foods because he lived alone, didn't cook, and the grocery store was right across the street. He lived to 87 years old and died of a heart attack.

I honestly cant be sure, I just know the well is not (per tests). The Primo station comes (Piped in) from our town water supply, then filtered a few more ways at the filling station.
So at best, its just town water that's treated a bit after the fact. And if not, its just town water. I get a few cases of bottled water a week too, again, Im not too concerned, im just not doing the well thing.  Its a constant hassle to keep treating, testing, treating again, test failed, etc...

My second house, we had town water and just used that for everything.

Plus we've all read the stories "local business pollutes ground water by dumping cancer-causing acetone in the ground for 20 years, harms local wells".

You just wouldn't know.

Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: pellius on October 10, 2020, 04:02:19 AM
I honestly cant be sure, I just know the well is not (per tests). The Primo station comes (Piped in) from our town water supply, then filtered a few more ways at the filling station.
So at best, its just town water that's treated a bit after the fact. And if not, its just town water. I get a few cases of bottled water a week too, again, Im not too concerned, im just not doing the well thing.  Its a constant hassle to keep treating, testing, treating again, test failed, etc...

My second house, we had town water and just used that for everything.

Plus we've all read the stories "local business pollutes ground water by dumping cancer-causing acetone in the ground for 20 years, harms local wells".

You just wouldn't know.

The only thing I'm concerned about with tap water here in Hawaii is when there is a huge storm or a pipeline breaks and pollution gets into the water supply. Often you won't know until it's too late. I use a filter for my tap. Just for fun I did get a test kit for impurities and it did come out cleaner with the filter. But I don't worry about too much. Actually, not at all. There was a time when I only drank distilled water and actually ran into some problems. I was getting rapid heart beats and getting out of breath. The doctor did a blood test and my electrolyte balance was off. He asked if I did a lot of long distance running and sweated a lot and only drank water. I definitely sweated a ton when doing BJJ . I could literally sit on my knees, lean forward, and a hug puddle of sweat would drip just off my face. Anyway, my doctor told me when you sweat a lot you lose both water and electrolytes. Then when you replace it by just drinking a lot of water you dilute your electrolytes even more. It's rare and it usually happens when someone is running a marathon in hot weather and only drinks water (which is very rare these days). But this condition can be very common if you only drink distilled water.

Like so much I've done in life thinking it was healthy only turned out to be bad for me as well as more expensive.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: BlackMetallic on October 10, 2020, 04:59:51 AM
Couldn’t tell you. I can bench my body weight for almost 30 reps. Fluoride sounds like a concern for a much smaller man.

Look up the full word of fluoride - it has been shortened to sound harmless

There’s a reason why multiple municipalities have banned it from the water supply

The majority of fluoride ends up in the environment

The places where fluoride has been banned have shown to have no higher rates of cavities than places that have kept fluoride in their water
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: loco on October 10, 2020, 05:21:10 AM
Not quite.

After decades of having its users not pay their water bills, the Flint Water Utility could no longer afford to operate. As a cost savings measure, politicians decided to switch from water supplied by the City of Detroit, to water from the Flint River, while a pipeline to Lake Huron was being built.

The Flint River is of low water quality and required high chlorine doses for disinfection. Leaving water with a high chlorine residual in the water lines promoted the formation of TTHMS and the leaching of lead out of the homeowner’s lead water services. There was an outbreak of Legionnaires disease that killed people, but lead didn’t.

So after decades of not having their customers pay their water bills, the Flint Water Utility did not have the money to replace the lead services lines up to the homeowner’s property line. Of course as many of you know, the homeowner is responsible for replacing their own water service from the property line to their house (which the citizens of Flint did not do).

The result was an increase of lead levels in children, which is harmful and can cause a number of serious health issues. So what happened....the citizens who didn’t pay their water bills and who didn’t replace their part of their water service lines...protested until the taxpayers footed the bill for new lines, new water transmission lines, new water distribution lines, new treatment facilities, bottled water and home filtration units.

That’s a condensed version of what really happened. Understanding the demographics of Flint, MI makes this a lot easier to figure out how something like this could happen.

Racist post reported.   :D
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: loco on October 10, 2020, 05:30:16 AM
This is very thought provoking.

I have done some research and found that our purified and bottled water is literally absent minerals and salts that actually make you retain hydration. I drank a gallon of bottled water and piss all day but feel dehydrated.

Recently started drinking tap water with a sea salt solution and have been feeling like a million bucks on about a liter or so a day.

I buy distilled water and then add these before drinking.  Now I rarely if ever experience muscle cramps anymore and never get lightheaded anymore since I started doing this, which means I stay far more hydrated now than before.

(https://redmond.life/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/web-photo-5-600x600.jpg)

(https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/71-V43C6DyL._AC_SL1500_.jpg)
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: _bruce_ on October 10, 2020, 06:03:19 AM
I only drink small amounts of (glas-)bottled water.

Most of my fluids come from raw / fermented milk which tastes awesome with honey. Juicing organic celery and cucumbers is also an option for good fluids in the morning.

The mongols used to drink fermented milk with blood which rendered them capable of surviving in an unforgiving, bare environment - not even 200lbs dumbbells would grow in the steppe.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Dave D on October 10, 2020, 06:42:52 AM
Not quite.

After decades of having its users not pay their water bills, the Flint Water Utility could no longer afford to operate. As a cost savings measure, politicians decided to switch from water supplied by the City of Detroit, to water from the Flint River, while a pipeline to Lake Huron was being built.

The Flint River is of low water quality and required high chlorine doses for disinfection. Leaving water with a high chlorine residual in the water lines promoted the formation of TTHMS and the leaching of lead out of the homeowner’s lead water services. There was an outbreak of Legionnaires disease that killed people, but lead didn’t.

So after decades of not having their customers pay their water bills, the Flint Water Utility did not have the money to replace the lead services lines up to the homeowner’s property line. Of course as many of you know, the homeowner is responsible for replacing their own water service from the property line to their house (which the citizens of Flint did not do).

The result was an increase of lead levels in children, which is harmful and can cause a number of serious health issues. So what happened....the citizens who didn’t pay their water bills and who didn’t replace their part of their water service lines...protested until the taxpayers footed the bill for new lines, new water transmission lines, new water distribution lines, new treatment facilities, bottled water and home filtration units.

That’s a condensed version of what really happened. Understanding the demographics of Flint, MI makes this a lot easier to figure out how something like this could happen.

Oh, so a thread about bottled water being bad is kind of funny then.

First world problems.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: D.O.A. on October 10, 2020, 06:53:50 AM
no one ever told you how much to water to drink until they started selling it in bottles
Hahahahaha! So true.
 
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: harmankardon1 on October 10, 2020, 07:13:20 AM
So essentially all water is bad. What do you drink?

He only drinks his own piss, filtered by his kidneys... No fluoride or parts per trillion whatever in it...
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: harmankardon1 on October 10, 2020, 07:15:27 AM
Look up the full word of fluoride - it has been shortened to sound harmless

There’s a reason why multiple municipalities have banned it from the water supply

The majority of fluoride ends up in the environment

The places where fluoride has been banned have shown to have no higher rates of cavities than places that have kept fluoride in their water

Because a big name means it's not harmless??? That's an interesting scientific observation. Lol

Fluoride is harmless in small quantities,
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: _bruce_ on October 10, 2020, 07:15:48 AM
no one ever told you how much to water to drink until they started selling it in bottles

x2
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: BlackMetallic on October 10, 2020, 08:07:27 AM
Because a big name means it's not harmless??? That's an interesting scientific observation. Lol

Fluoride is harmless in small quantities,

Kids are already taking in 2x the recommended amount just by using toothpaste that has it

Why have so many municipalities banned it?

Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Dave D on October 10, 2020, 08:34:47 AM
Kids are already taking in 2x the recommended amount just by using toothpaste that has it

Why have so many municipalities banned it?

Local legislation is voted on,  hence the bans.

Do you have a percentage of the municipalities that have banned it?

Why is fluoride still in toothpaste?
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Walter Sobchak on October 10, 2020, 08:50:09 AM
Look up the full word of fluoride - it has been shortened to sound harmless

There’s a reason why multiple municipalities have banned it from the water supply

The majority of fluoride ends up in the environment

The places where fluoride has been banned have shown to have no higher rates of cavities than places that have kept fluoride in their water

Fluoride naturally occurs in fruits and vegetables. The safe daily limit by the government is 10 mg/day.
Municipal water typically has background levels of fluoride, or seasonal fluoride dosing to give a residual level between 0.4 - 0.7 mg/L.

Or in other words:
10/0.5 = 20 liters of fluoridated water to get to your daily limit.

As mentioned, in areas without municipal water fluoridation the incidences of higher mouth bacteria and resulting tooth decay occurs.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Griffith on October 10, 2020, 09:19:22 AM
In areas where people have grown up without fluoride in water, their teeth tend to be weaker and decay more.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: King Shizzo on October 10, 2020, 10:00:38 AM
A thread about water....
Water.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Walter Sobchak on October 10, 2020, 10:05:19 AM
A thread about water....
Water.

(https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcRBiGsnKoCOi6KkkfOJHm53Rhvw6_AziOACcg&usqp=CAU)
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Rambone on October 10, 2020, 10:09:16 AM
So essentially all water is bad. What do you drink?

Cum!
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: King Shizzo on October 10, 2020, 10:11:11 AM
(https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcRBiGsnKoCOi6KkkfOJHm53Rhvw6_AziOACcg&usqp=CAU)
I think we would be friends in real life. What you do with my sister is your business.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Walter Sobchak on October 10, 2020, 10:28:59 AM
I think we would be friends in real life. What you do with my sister is your business.

This man wants to pack you like a musket!
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Taffin on October 10, 2020, 10:37:26 AM
Fluoride naturally occurs in fruits and vegetables. The safe daily limit by the government is 10 mg/day.
Municipal water typically has background levels of fluoride, or seasonal fluoride dosing to give a residual level between 0.4 - 0.7 mg/L.

Or in other words:
10/0.5 = 20 liters of fluoridated water to get to your daily limit.

As mentioned, in areas without municipal water fluoridation the incidences of higher mouth bacteria and resulting tooth decay occurs.


Hold on a moment - that sounds suspiciously like sound scientific reasoning combined with a dash of armchair logic...

Hmmm....

Gasp!  :o

That can mean only one thing...

Walter Sobchack = Reptilian OverLord = confirmed!

(And I for one am happy to serve under our new World President  ;D)
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: tommywishbone on October 10, 2020, 10:37:57 AM
Bottled water is for fags.  Just drink tap water.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: King Shizzo on October 10, 2020, 10:40:54 AM
This man wants to pack you like a musket!
[/quote That's how Hollywood, folks.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Taffin on October 10, 2020, 10:41:05 AM
Tap water is bad.

But so is bottled  water.

Filtered water is better but it filters out minerals.

Remember when the city of Flint was drinking lead and how it killed the population.


So essentially all water is bad. What do you drink?


Cum!


Bro...

(https://i.postimg.cc/mk9dfnpv/u-https-media1-tenor-com-images-33518e63cfcda48e1f378c6f9179c7d7-tenor.gif)
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: IroNat on October 10, 2020, 10:42:54 AM
Getbiggers worried about minute amounts of contaminants in their water, meanwhile ingesting and injecting themselves with drugs known to cause heart dysfunction and make their testes fall off.

Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: King Shizzo on October 10, 2020, 10:45:13 AM
Getbiggers worried about minute amounts of contaminants in their water, meanwhile ingesting and injecting themselves with drugs known to cause heart dysfunction and make their testes fall off.


The use of the word "minute"was not lost on me.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Rambone on October 10, 2020, 10:47:31 AM



Bro...

(https://i.postimg.cc/mk9dfnpv/u-https-media1-tenor-com-images-33518e63cfcda48e1f378c6f9179c7d7-tenor.gif)

Sorry bro!  :D
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: pellius on October 10, 2020, 11:59:42 PM
I buy distilled water and then add these before drinking.  Now I rarely if ever experience muscle cramps anymore and never get lightheaded anymore since I started doing this, which means I stay far more hydrated now than before.

(https://redmond.life/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/web-photo-5-600x600.jpg)

(https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/71-V43C6DyL._AC_SL1500_.jpg)

This is a really good idea. At least with distilled water you know you are get just pure H20.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: loco on October 11, 2020, 07:02:52 AM
This is a really good idea. At least with distilled water you know you are get just pure H20.

Exactly.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: TheGrinch on October 11, 2020, 08:54:44 AM
Exactly.

Except for the plastic leeching into the water from the bottle
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Humble Narcissist on October 11, 2020, 11:20:53 AM
Tap water is bad.

 But so is bottled  water.

Filtered water is better but it filters out minerals.

Remember when the city of Flint was drinking lead and how it killed the population.
100% of the people who drink water end up dying.  It's dangerous shit!
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: TheGrinch on October 14, 2020, 11:24:51 AM
I buy distilled water and then add these before drinking.  Now I rarely if ever experience muscle cramps anymore and never get lightheaded anymore since I started doing this, which means I stay far more hydrated now than before.

(https://redmond.life/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/web-photo-5-600x600.jpg)

(https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/71-V43C6DyL._AC_SL1500_.jpg)

Ketochow stuff already has salt... why do you add more from real salt.. seems like overkill
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: loco on October 15, 2020, 03:56:30 PM
Except for the plastic leeching into the water from the bottle

That's why I keep mine away from heat and direct sunlight, and transfer it to glass dispensers as soon as possible.  Very difficult to escape plastic 100% in this day and age.  All we can do is minimize it as much as humanly possible.

And plastic is not the only culprit.  BPA is one of the main issues with plastic, that we know of at the moment anyway.

Bisphenol A (BPA) has been banned for use in baby bottles and sippy cups. Some manufacturers have also removed it from water bottles and food containers. However, the thermal paper used for cash register and other receipts is another common source of BPA. Handling the paper leads to increased levels of the chemical in our bodies because it rubs off easily.

“There’s more BPA in a single thermal paper receipt than the total amount that would leach out from a polycarbonate water bottle used for many years,”
said John Warner, Ph.D., president of the Warner Babcock Institute for Green Chemistry.

https://www.plasticpollutioncoalition.org/blog/2016/12/23/is-bpa-on-thermal-paper-a-health-hazard
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Howard on October 15, 2020, 03:59:18 PM
The FDA is part of a conspiracy to poison American citizens.

The FAA is part of a conspiracy to crash planes.

The NWS is part of a conspiracy to cause hurricanes.

(https://media1.tenor.com/images/c61ffc3376d31a77a22de41278850c6f/tenor.gif)

Ban dihydrogen monoxide  from bottled water !
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: loco on October 15, 2020, 04:09:39 PM
Ketochow stuff already has salt... why do you add more from real salt.. seems like overkill

True, except I add only small amounts the Keto chow for the Magnesium and Potassium, not for the Sodium.  For Sodium I prefer Real Salt, and I use more of it.

I view Real Salt as a whole food, and the other stuff just as a supplement.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: pellius on October 15, 2020, 06:15:31 PM
Except for the plastic leeching into the water from the bottle

Jeeze, you just can't win. Amazing that we live past 12 years old.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Humble Narcissist on October 16, 2020, 04:51:58 AM
Jeeze, you just can't win. Amazing that we live past 12 years old.
No shit, everything in modern society kills us.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Al Doggity on October 17, 2020, 10:34:25 AM
Not quite.

After decades of having its users not pay their water bills, the Flint Water Utility could no longer afford to operate. As a cost savings measure, politicians decided to switch from water supplied by the City of Detroit, to water from the Flint River, while a pipeline to Lake Huron was being built.

The Flint River is of low water quality and required high chlorine doses for disinfection. Leaving water with a high chlorine residual in the water lines promoted the formation of TTHMS and the leaching of lead out of the homeowner’s lead water services. There was an outbreak of Legionnaires disease that killed people, but lead didn’t.

So after decades of not having their customers pay their water bills, the Flint Water Utility did not have the money to replace the lead services lines up to the homeowner’s property line. Of course as many of you know, the homeowner is responsible for replacing their own water service from the property line to their house (which the citizens of Flint did not do).

The result was an increase of lead levels in children, which is harmful and can cause a number of serious health issues. So what happened....the citizens who didn’t pay their water bills and who didn’t replace their part of their water service lines...protested until the taxpayers footed the bill for new lines, new water transmission lines, new water distribution lines, new treatment facilities, bottled water and home filtration units.

That’s a condensed version of what really happened. Understanding the demographics of Flint, MI makes this a lot easier to figure out how something like this could happen.

For anyone that cares, this post is bullshit. The problems with Flint's water weren't caused by homeowners' pipes, they were caused because the city didn't add an expensive anti-corrosion treatment to the new water supply that almost every other water system in the country uses. Instead of doing that, the city used extreme levels of chlorine to treat the water which degraded the water taste and quality, ended up increasing bacteria and made the water even more corrosive. The water was so corrosive that the GM plant in town switched back to the Detroit water system because the new water supply was destroying equipment and fabricated parts. GM wasn't using old lead to make new cars.

Even then, the real controversy was not the failures in the initial switchover, but the fact that govt officials spent years gaslighting residents over a major health crisis that was obvious to anyone with eyes. Multiple news articles, independent scientists and government agencies confirmed the major issues with the water supply, but the govt officials repeatedly denied there were any problems, even though city agencies were buying bottled water for employees. The issues with the water were so high-profile that Detroit offered to reconnect Flint for a reduced price and waive the reconnection fee early on, but state officials declined.

Even the idea that the problems were caused by residents not paying bills is not accurate. Flint was in an economic crisis because the GM factory at the center of the economy had downsized. Population and tax revenue were shrinking, but income from water was consistent enough that it was used as a stopgap for other holes in the local economy. In a lawsuit that came afterwards, it was revealed that funds from the extremely high priced water were redirected to other areas of the budget improperly.

I guess the basic idea that the most common disease people got from Flint's water supply wasn't lead poisoning is accurate, but the previous poster's main point seemed to be that it was a toxic water supply. It was, and there is no way to reasonably blame that on the residents of Flint.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Walter Sobchak on October 17, 2020, 12:19:59 PM
Water quality issues in Flint began with the decision of city officials in 2014 to switch from buying treated drinking water from Detroit to treating Flint River water themselves using a city-owned treatment facility. This was considered a cost saving measure as the utility was insolvent.

The switch was considered a temporary money-saving “fix” to provide the city with drinking water until they were able to join a new regional system. A 10-month engineering effort was undertaken to equip the Flint plant to treat Flint River water before it was put into service.

Sources of drinking water supply, in general, include groundwater and surface waters, such as lakes and rivers. Among those water sources, rivers present the greatest treatment challenge. Relative to groundwater, surface waters contain more particles, microorganisms, organic matter, taste- and odor-causing compounds, and many types of trace contaminants. On average, surface water also tends to be more corrosive than groundwater.

Many utilities treating surface water are under pressure to look for less costly approaches to perform chemical treatment. Yet particle removal, a critical step used to treat surface waters like the Flint River, is a chemical-intensive operation. Iron and aluminum salts are typically coagulants added to water supplies to help aggregate particles so they can be effectively removed through settling and filtration.

Coagulant choice is an important design decision; so the choice of coagulant should not be based only on cost. Each coagulant has to be optimized to enhance removal of organic matter in the source water. If too little organic matter is removed, it will react with chlorine disinfectants in the water to form hazardous by-products (TTHMs etc.)

A switch from sulfate-based to chloride-based aluminum or iron coagulant salts also alters the chloride-to-sulfate ratio in water. It was this ratio that Dr. Marc Edwards, a faculty member at Virginia Tech, linked in 2010 to higher lead concentrations in vulnerable distribution systems with pipes made from lead. The Flint treatment plant relied on iron chloride coagulants, contributed to the corrosivity of the water.

Because of Flint’s method of treating Flint River water, it experienced problems with elevated trihalomethanes (TTHMs), a regulated class of disinfection by-products that are known carcinogens. A domino series of causes and effects were responsible for this problem. The Flint River is naturally high in corrosive chloride. Therefore, iron pipes in the water distribution system began corroding immediately after the initial switch from Detroit water. The iron that was released from the corroding pipes reacted with the residual chlorine that was added to kill microorganisms, making the chlorine unavailable to function as a disinfectant. Because chlorine, which reacted with the iron pipes, could not act as as disinfectant, bacteria levels spiked. When coliform bacteria were detected in distribution system water samples, water utility managers are mandate by law to increase the levels of chlorine. The higher levels of chlorine, while reducing coliform counts, led to the formation of more trihalomethanes.

The science of pipe corrosion in drinking water systems is complex and not completely understood. Corrosion control occurs when naturally forming minerals deposit on pipe walls to protect the iron pipe surfaces from exposure to oxidants in the water. Changes in water quality sometimes dissolve these mineral coatings, exposing the pipe to corrosion. In iron pipe systems, the released iron corrosion particles are visible, causing colored and turbid water. In older distribution systems, where lead service lines are often still in place, corrosion then releases lead and copper.

Because of the uncertainties around leaching, the majority of utilities treating surface water add phosphate corrosion inhibitors to control corrosion. They determine doses based on the water industry’s experience, rather than on rigorous scientific calculations. Empirical tests known as “loop tests” are commonly used to assess the effectiveness of corrosion control strategies applied to a given water distribution system. There is no record that such tests were performed in Flint.

A critical cost-saving decision made by Flint not to use corrosion inhibitors, especially when water previously supplied by Detroit did contain them, should have raised concerns. Evidence to demonstrate that inhibitors were unnecessary was a minimum common-sense requirement. Ignorance among utility personnel and water quality engineers of the importance of corrosion control management and its subtle linkage to decisions made elsewhere in the treatment plant unfortunately also played a role in this fiasco.

By not adding a corrosion inhibitor, Flint was going to save about $140 per day.

Replacement of Flint’s lead service lines, which is the only permanent solution to address its lead vulnerability, is estimated to cost up to $1.5 billion, according to the City of Flint.

One of the reason the water rates in Flint were high compared to the national average was that the water customers who paid their bills were essentially subsidizing the customers who didn’t pay their bills. 
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Al Doggity on October 18, 2020, 01:11:52 PM
It took me a second to realize you were quoting an article and not just reiterating your point, so right in the quoted text it says this:
A critical cost-saving decision made by Flint not to use corrosion inhibitors, especially when water previously supplied by Detroit did contain them, should have raised concerns. Evidence to demonstrate that inhibitors were unnecessary was a minimum common-sense requirement. Ignorance among utility personnel and water quality engineers of the importance of corrosion control management and its subtle linkage to decisions made elsewhere in the treatment plant unfortunately also played a role in this fiasco.

Even if you wanted to ignore the major points of that article and cherry pick just the points that you felt supported your previous post, there's no getting around the fact that it was a fiasco that dragged on for multiple years because govt officials refused to acknowledge and correct the problem. 

Also, I google searched the article you're quoting from to verify this line:
Quote
https://theconversation.com/the-science-behind-the-flint-water-crisis-corrosion-of-pipes-erosion-of-trust-53776

One of the reason the water rates in Flint were high compared to the national average was that the water customers who paid their bills were essentially subsidizing the customers who didn’t pay their bills.

That line isn't in it.   ::) But this line is:
Quote
Given the complexities and uncertainties in producing safe potable drink, a nonnegotiable respect for the necessary planning and testing steps of any new system is paramount to prevent such incidents as we’ve seen in Flint. A lack of due diligence in planning will always cost more in the end.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: pamith on October 18, 2020, 01:29:20 PM
I don't buy "bottled" water.
Me neither, and never will
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Walter Sobchak on October 18, 2020, 02:04:14 PM
It took me a second to realize you were quoting an article and not just reiterating your point, so right in the quoted text it says this:
Even if you wanted to ignore the major points of that article and cherry pick just the points that you felt supported your previous post, there's no getting around the fact that it was a fiasco that dragged on for multiple years because govt officials refused to acknowledge and correct the problem. 

Also, I google searched the article you're quoting from to verify this line:
That line isn't in it.   ::) But this line is:

So what’s your fucking point smartass? The article says the same thing I did and I’m not typing all that shit out for a fuckwad like you.

Do you have a point? Is it that the perpetual victims did pay their water bills and Flint is a well run city and the “ gubment out to get the chillen?”

I’m know exactly what the issues were in Flint. How about fuck off back to fuckoffsville and when you get there, fuck off some more.

Fucking whiny kunt tootsie roll...
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Al Doggity on October 18, 2020, 02:21:05 PM
So what’s your fucking point smartass? The article says the same thing I did and I’m not typing all that shit out for a fuckwad like you.

Do you have a point? Is it that the perpetual victims did pay their water bills and Flint is a well run city and the “ gubment out to get the chillen?”

I’m know exactly what the issues were in Flint. How about fuck off back to fuckoffsville and when you get there, fuck off some more.

Fucking whiny kunt tootsie roll...

LOL the point is pretty clear. The article did not say the same thing you did, it literally said the opposite. When I noted that the post was an excerpt from the article, it was because you didn't attribute it, not because I think you shouldn't post an article to support your point . The problem was large portions of that article say exactly the opposite of what you claimed and that was the only thing that made it clear it was an article.  You didn't post the link to the article because that final line about non-paying residents subsidizing the water  was meant to appear to be a part of the article, even though you tacked it on yourself.

Your overreaction here proves that you know your posts have been bullshit, though.  ;)
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: tommywishbone on October 18, 2020, 04:21:42 PM
Yes.   Water leeches harmful elements from the plastic bottle. That's why so many MILLIONS of people have died from drinking the BILLIONS of bottles of water that are sold every year in this country.

HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA HAHAHAHA!!!


You fucking idiots.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Walter Sobchak on October 18, 2020, 05:24:21 PM
LOL the point is pretty clear. The article did not say the same thing you did, it literally said the opposite. When I noted that the post was an excerpt from the article, it was because you didn't attribute it, not because I think you shouldn't post an article to support your point . The problem was large portions of that article say exactly the opposite of what you claimed and that was the only thing that made it clear it was an article.  You didn't post the link to the article because that final line about non-paying residents subsidizing the water  was meant to appear to be a part of the article, even though you tacked it on yourself.

Your overreaction here proves that you know your posts have been bullshit, though.  ;)

The large diameter transmission mains are made of steel.
The smaller diameter distribution mains are made of ductile iron or PVC.
The utility is supposed to remove lead service lines under the EPA Lead and Copper rule UP TO THE PROPERTY OWNER’S PROPERTY LINE. Many grant and loan programs are available to water utilities to fund these projects.
The property owner is on the hook to replace the service from the property line to the home/apartment.
So where is the source of lead coming from? Were the lead services there during the use of both sources of water?


If the Utility and property owners had done their part...there wouldn’t be a $1.5 BILLION LOCAL issue. If the lead services have been there for decades, why should the Federal government bail out a mismanaged utility where “free water” is treated like a God given right by its non-paying customers?

But to pretend this is a new issue that should be paid for by Federal tax dollars is a lie and disingenuous. It’s okay, I get it, the issue is beyond your limited comprehension. I’m not bothered by that....Getbig is full of morons.
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: TheGrinch on October 18, 2020, 10:03:02 PM
Yes.   Water leeches harmful elements from the plastic bottle. That's why so many MILLIONS of people have died from drinking the BILLIONS of bottles of water that are sold every year in this country.

HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA HAHAHAHA!!!


You fucking idiots.

Cancer
Title: Re: What’s Really in Your Bottled Water?
Post by: Al Doggity on October 19, 2020, 12:55:23 PM


If the Utility and property owners had done their part...there wouldn’t be a $1.5 BILLION LOCAL issue. If the lead services have been there for decades, why should the Federal government bail out a mismanaged utility where “free water” is treated like a God given right by its non-paying customers?

But to pretend this is a new issue that should be paid for by Federal tax dollars is a lie and disingenuous. It’s okay, I get it, the issue is beyond your limited comprehension. I’m not bothered by that....Getbig is full of morons.
Bro, what are you smoking? You're all over the place with this, just pulling anything out of your ass, hoping it makes some sort of sense.

-Flint was in  an economic crisis. The city's economy was built around GM manufacturing which majorly downsized over the decades. Jobs left, population shrank by almost half and tax revenue dried up.  Those are the roots of why almost every sector of their economy, not just water, was in trouble.

-No one said it was a new issue. It was an old issue that could have been avoided with bare minimum planning and preparation. They are issues that are managed just fine in multiple other water systems. It was managed fine just before the switchover. The problems that arose were because of varying degrees of incompetence, inexperience and recklessness.

-Even after the initial incompetent decisions were made, they could have been addressed multiple ways over the course of several years. They weren't.

You keep saying that because  (in your opinion)  the homeowners failed to do this,that and the third, they are responsible for the incompetent actions of the govt years down the road. That is idiotic. Aside from the fact that planning for the switchover failed to take into account basic precautions, the  municipal planners were responsible for planning around the realities of Flint's service lines. And if they had done that, there would be no need for a federal correction.