Each rep range makes the muscle adapt in a different way. There are gray areas as to where, or if, the cut off lies. 1-6 will be suited for absolute strength and power. 6-12 brings about hypertrophy, and 13+ is more endurance rated.
You can change the effects too, but using TUT (time under tension). A set of 6 using 202 will have the same tension as a set of 12 using 101. Very similar amount of TUT, but the look and effect is very different.