From what I read (i dabble in stocks a little, nothing too serious), this is what the bill failing to pass has done/caused:
1. as 240 said, it'll bring back responsibility into these companies, knowing there's no "golden parachute"
2. shit companies will go under
3. we won't turn into communist China
4. the markets will rally sooner than if the bill passed, because the government would've cut a check for 700B for "assets" that are worth 0 essentially
5. it will stop,slow down, and possibly even raise the value of the dollar
6. the "bailout" would've caused a massive inflation due to the decreased value of the dollar
7. the "people" for once will win, meaning we won't have to pay for irresponsible lending fuckups