I'll take a stab at this......
Number 1. How do you avoid the repeated bout effect? In other words, if you train really hard your body will adapt but then you have to do something considerably harder the next time to keep that muscle growing. How much harder is unknown.
The current ideas that make sense to me to avoid this would be along the lines of purposefully slightly detraining ('deloading' or DC's 'cruise') for 1-3 weeks. i.e. 2 steps forward, one step back. That has worked pretty well for me. Or something along the lines of what Poliquin suggests by making dramatic changes in the routine every 2-3 months. (3 months of Doggcrapp, 3 months of german volume, 3 months of 5x5, etc.)
Number 2. Is it possible to keep a muscle constantly growing week by week?
In my experience, no, muscle/strength gains aren't linear.
Number 3. Is there any feedback mechanism to indicate rapid growth and therefore guide training?
Soreness, progression in weights/reps, appetite increase, even the pump is a pretty good indicator of how well an exercise is targeting the area.
Number 4. Are there any examples of rapid hypertrophy in the literature? What protocols were effective?
Colorado Experiment? lol
Number 5. Can animals studies be applied to humans?[/color]
Probably to some women I have had.......