Omega-3 fish oils linked to prostate cancer

[Primary Captain]

Link Between Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Increased Prostate Cancer Risk Confirmed
July 10, 2013 — A second large, prospective study by scientists at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center has confirmed the link between high blood concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids and an increased risk of prostate cancer.
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Published July 11 in the online edition of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, the latest findings indicate that high concentrations of EPA, DPA and DHA -- the three anti-inflammatory and metabolically related fatty acids derived from fatty fish and fish-oil supplements -- are associated with a 71 percent increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer. The study also found a 44 percent increase in the risk of low-grade prostate cancer and an overall 43 percent increase in risk for all prostate cancers.
The increase in risk for high-grade prostate cancer is important because those tumors are more likely to be fatal.
The findings confirm a 2011 study published by the same Fred Hutch scientific team that reported a similar link between high blood concentrations of DHA and a more than doubling of the risk for developing high-grade prostate cancer. The latest study also confirms results from a large European study.
"The consistency of these findings suggests that these fatty acids are involved in prostate tumorigenesis and recommendations to increase long-chain omega-3 fatty acid intake, in particular through supplementation, should consider its potential risks," the authors wrote.
"We've shown once again that use of nutritional supplements may be harmful," said Alan Kristal, Dr.P.H., the paper's senior author and member of the Fred Hutch Public Health Sciences Division. Kristal also noted a recent analysis published in the Journal of the American Medical Association that questioned the benefit of omega-3 supplementation for cardiovascular diseases. The analysis, which combined the data from 20 studies, found no reduction in all-cause mortality, heart attacks or strokes.
"What's important is that we have been able to replicate our findings from 2011 and we have confirmed that marine omega-3 fatty acids play a role in prostate cancer occurrence," said corresponding author Theodore Brasky, Ph.D., a research assistant professor at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center who was a postdoctoral trainee at Fred Hutch when the research was conducted. "It's important to note, however, that these results do not address the question of whether omega-3's play a detrimental role in prostate cancer prognosis," he said.
Kristal said the findings in both Fred Hutch studies were surprising because omega-3 fatty acids are believed to have a host of positive health effects based on their anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation plays a role in the development and growth of many cancers.
It is unclear from this study why high levels of omega-3 fatty acids would increase prostate cancer risk, according to the authors, however the replication of this finding in two large studies indicates the need for further research into possible mechanisms. One potentially harmful effect of omega-3 fatty acids is their conversion into compounds that can cause damage to cells and DNA, and their role in immunosuppression. Whether these effects impact cancer risk is not known.
The difference in blood concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids between the lowest and highest risk groups was about 2.5 percentage points (3.2 percent vs. 5.7 percent), which is somewhat larger than the effect of eating salmon twice a week, Kristal said. The current study analyzed data and specimens collected from men who participated in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT), a large randomized, placebo-controlled trial to test whether selenium and vitamin E, either alone or combined, reduced prostate cancer risk. That study showed no benefit from selenium intake and an increase in prostate cancers in men who took vitamin E.
The group included in the this analysis consisted of 834 men who had been diagnosed with incident, primary prostate cancers (156 were high-grade cancer) along with a comparison group of 1,393 men selected randomly from the 35,500 participants in SELECT. The National Cancer Institute and the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine funded the research.
Also participating in the study were additional Fred Hutch scientists and researchers from the University of Texas, University of California, University of Washington, National Cancer Institute and the Cleveland Clinic.
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[Nomad]

Laugh at me all you want but about a year ago I stopped takings these things due to nothing more then a gut feeling.

Sometimes you can just feel that your body doesn't like some shit, which in this case turned out to be Now Foods Fish Oil pills.

Still got like 3-4 jars of the stuff tho.

[Big Chiro Flex]

Yup.

Save your money.

Do you recommend Whole foods that are higher in omega 3s then? Or completely ignore your omega ratios?

[dj181]

Do you recommend Whole foods that are higher in omega 3s then? Or completely ignore your omega ratios?

"diet"

go train your ass off son, that's where's it's at

[BigCyp]

When God put omega 3 oils into fish, He did it purposely to benefit our heart/brain/joint health, knowing we would need these things, Praise God.

When General Nutrition Centre put omega 3 oils into plastic capsules, and sold them for $20 a bottle, they did it purposely to MAKE MONEY.

[Pet shop boys]

When God put omega 3 oils into fish, He did it purposely to benefit our heart/brain/joint health, knowing we would need these things, Praise God.

When General Nutrition Centre put omega 3 oils into plastic capsules, and sold them for $20 a bottle, they did it purposely to MAKE MONEY.

Amen.



WooSSSHHHHHHHHHHHHH

[closeline]

Intelligent guys stick with natural as possible food

Only idiots Take any Kind of suplements

[Knooger]

As long as synthol is still safe I'm good.

[coltrane]

Intelligent guys stick with natural as possible food

Only idiots Take any Kind of suplements

Only idiots misspell "supplements"

[Big Chiro Flex]

"diet"

go train your ass off son, that's where's it's at

Yes diet is an unimportant component for anyone weighing less than 150 lbs, I agree bro.

[Archer77]

Correlation does not mean causation.

[dknole]

Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Friend or Foe to Prostate?
More than meets the eye to recent controversy over omega-3 levels and prostate cancer risk—Lets take a closer look

Hector Lopez, MD, CSCS, FAAPMR

A large-scale prospective case-cohort study evaluating plasma fatty acid levels and prostate cancer risk, published in JNCI (Journal of the National Cancer Institute) online ahead of print on July 10th, 2013 has created quite the stir amongst media, health care professionals, nutrition researchers, and the dietary supplement industry…Again! To quote the great Yogi Berra, “It’s like déjà vu, all over again.” 

This recent study was led by Drs. Alan Kristal from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and Theodore Brasky of The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center in the USA as a follow up to their 2011 study.  This new study analyzed data and blood plasma phospholipid status from men who participated in the SELECT (Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial) trial from 427 participating sites across Europe, USA, Canada and Puerto Rico. Blood was analyzed for 834 “cases” diagnosed with prostate cancer (156 of which were high-grade), and an age-matched subcohort, comparison group of 1,393 all of which were selected from the 35,533 participants.

Without going into an in depth review of the study (beyond the scope or goal of this post), the men with the highest blood plasma levels of the long-chain omega-3 PUFAs (EPA, DPA, and DHA) were associated with increased risk for low-grade, high-grade and total prostate cancer (44%, 71% and 43% increased risk, respectively).  Intriguingly, a higher omega-6 level (Linoleic acid) was associated with reduced risk of low-grade and total prostate cancer, but there was no dose response relationship. The totality of evidence suggests there is no significant relationship (positive or negative) between omega-6 status and prostate health.


A few salient points to consider here:

1) Within the prostate cancer cases, their plasma phospholipid fatty acid profile was divided into quartiles. The lowest risk group had < 3.68% tissue levels (plasma phospholipids) VS. highest prostate CA risk group being at > 5.3%. This is quite a narrow range of plasma phospholipid fatty acid concentration to draw conclusions from.  Moreover, the mean EPA + DPA + DPA fatty acid % in plasma phospholipids was only 4.48% in controls (non-cancer group), and 4.66% in the total cancer case group. Again, an even narrower range from which caution must be taken before drawing sweeping or extreme conclusions and interpretation of this data. So, what does that mean for individuals who are supplementing actively with fish oil and simultaneously keeping vegetable oil LA (omega-6) intake down that typically walk around at 7-15% (who incidentally have lowest sudden cardiac death risk and lowest 25-year mortality rates)? 

It is possible, that some biochemical scenario plays out where, with respect to prostate CA, you are better off either being real low (at which point your risk for cardiovascular morbidity & mortality goes up), or at the higher goal range of >8%?  There is some interesting preclinical, mechanistic data showing that high levels of DHA increases expression of SDC-1 (a transmembrane proteoglycan) in prostate tissue.  SDC-1 may help with mediating apoptosis (programmed cell death) of prostate cancer cells, by suppressing proto-oncogene (a normal gene that when mutated can cause cancer by deranging cell growth and differentiation mechanisms) signaling.

2) This is NOT a (RDBCT)...it isn't even an open label "intervention-based" trial. Simply an epidemiologic, nested case-cohort based association.  The SELECT study was not designed specifically to look at omega-3 fatty acid associations, a priori (from earlier knowledge). That simply means the original SELECT randomized, placebo-cotrolled clinical trial was not originally set up to answer the question of whether “Increased intake of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids lead to increased rates of prostate cancer development.”  Hence, that limits the "robustness" and "strength of causality assessment" of the data. Further, there was no mention in the study of dietary fish intake or fish oil supplementation.  Is it possible that the sicker individuals began taking fish oil or increasing their fish intake in an attempt to improve their health? Again, it does not allow us to discern whether the "association" exists with fish oil supplementation vs. fish from food sources vs. particular type of fish [Salmon vs. Mackerel vs. Sardine vs. Cooked (Grilled, Baked or Fried) or Raw as in Sushi]. Could there be some xenobiotic or persistent organic pollutants acting as a carcinogen in one of these sources?  After all, it is well established that certain heavy metals (e.g., cadmium, mercury), dioxins and PCBs are mutagenic and carcinogenic.

A few things stand out about the methods used to evaluate fatty acid status.  First, the plasma phospholipid fatty acid assay is considered to be more representative of ACUTE and dynamic biomarker of omega-3 fatty acid intake by many experts in the biochemical analysis of fatty acids.  Short-term factors such as a single meal or supplemental fish oil dose can increase plasma phospholipid omega-3 levels by over 2-fold within 6-10 hours. That is because this assay includes lipids found in the lipoprotein fraction of blood (such as chylomicrons, LDL subtypes, VLDL, etc.), not just in cell plasma membranes such as the omega-3 index (% of omega-3 fatty acids in RBC membrane).  Erythrocyte (or Red Blood Cell) membrane fatty acid analysis is a more reliable biomarker of SUBACUTE omega-3 fatty acid intake, with stable values reflecting dietary intake over a 2-3 month period. 


Let’s admit that this study utilized data mined from a very large, prospective study, with a large number of prostate cancer cases—this is a strength. The SELECT trial that this study was based on had a very good follow up and small amount of attrition.  This minimizes the potential for a phenomenon we observe in research known as attrition bias (a kind of selection bias, where the subjects who dropout are discounted, effectively changing the characteristics of one comparison group vs. another that may lead to drawing inappropriate conclusions from the data/results). 

3) Then, we do need to consider the question of whether there is "fire at the heart of this smoke" that could be attributable to some as yet undetermined mechanism?  After all, there are at least 3 more large studies that support the findings of this study.  However, there are also at least 3 other studies that conflicts with the current study showing an inverse relationship between long-chain n-3 PUFA tissue levels and prostate cancer risk.  Keep in mind that cancer biology is incredibly complex with, not only many factors that contribute to risk, progression, etc., but also many of these very factors interact to create even more layers of complexity.

Having said that,
 
I have a few theories, including:
** In the case of prostate biology, immune "surveillance" of cellular oncoproteins play a much larger role in identifying and creating cytotoxicity and apoptosis (programmed cell death pathways) to keep these precancerous cells at bay.

** At certain levels of tissue n-3 concentration, there may be a physiologic/molecular environment whereby mitogenic/ oncogenic and cellular proliferative pathways are driven forward and, while tumor suppressive and differentiation pathways are inhibited. This scenario could promote tumorigenesis/ carcinogensis, especially in a scenario where there is just enough immune suppression to allow for this cellular activity to spiral out of control, without the typical safety mechanism and breaks that would limit DNA mutagenesis & damage.

** Lipid peroxides generated at the local prostatic tissue level may, in certain individuals, overwhelm their capacity to neutralize this oxidative stress.  This scenario could theoretically lead to increased DNA damage, that increases potential to outpace DNA repair mechanisms and transform cells to loose cell growth/proliferation regulation.

** Could there be certain genotypes (nutrigenetic & epigenetic mechanisms) that increase susceptibility to the above theories? Given what we have learned from genome wide association studies (GWAS) in the last decade, this is certainly a possibility.

4) Interestingly, this association appears to be tissue specific. As opposite association (inverse relationships) exist for omega-3 status and other cancers, e.g., breast, colon, and possibly pancreatic.

5) There is interesting data that demonstrates what I would refer to as a “metabolic dissonance” in energy metabolism of prostate cancer cells.  In stark contrast to cancers of other tissues, where metabolism becomes more heavily glycolytic (strong preference to using glucose for fuel during energy metabolism), prostate adenocarcinoma cells appear to switch toward greater beta-oxidation of fatty acids to drive its bioenergetic needs! This "metabolic dissonance" with respect to the unique physiology of prostate cancer could very well be a major factor leading to the observed association between long-chain omega-3 PUFA and prostate tumorigenesis in Brasky et al study.

6) Prostate cancer detection has increased dramatically over the last 10-15 years, not only due to the prevalence of PSA screening, but also lower threshold to biopsy has lead to increased diagnosis.  This is particularly the case with detection of microfoci of prostate malignant cells in smaller (lower volume) prostates...Hence, there is a greater probability of sampling malignant microfoci in smaller prostates.  This is an aspect that was not controlled for (Hazard ratios in the study were not adjusted for this variable) in the Brasky et al study.

7) There is also robust evidence that contradicts and opposes the conclusions and interpretation of the Brasky et al data.  For example, the work of Chua et al. (2013), Sorongon-Legaspi et al. (2013), Torfadottir et al. (2013), Chavarro et al (2008), Terry et al. (2001), Harvei et al (1997), and others show a protective effect of higher levels of tissue omega-3 fatty acid status, with lower prostate cancer risk and prostate cancer mortality.

It is also imperative to try adding context and maintaining perspective whenever faced with new information that may change behavior; or in this case, information that may change clinical management and dietary advice.  Lets keep the following numbers in mind to add some more perspective, color and light to this data from a public health, and  (from National Cancer Institute-Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results, and National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute-NIH):

Prostate Cancer- U.S. :

   Age-adjusted incidence rates (for all races) from 2006-2010  152/ per 100,000 men
   Age-adjusted death rates (for all races) from 2006-2010  23/ per 100,000 men
   Prevalence of prostate cancer diagnosis: ~2.6 million men on January 1, 2010
   Direct cost burden from prostate cancer in U.S. in 2010         ~$14 Billion

Cardiovascular Disease- U.S. :

   Age-adjusted death rates (for all races) from in 2008  244/ per 100,000 population (both men and women)
   Prevalence of cardiovascular disease diagnosis: ~82.6 million men in 2006
   Direct cost burden from CVD in U.S. in 2008  ~$218 Billion

9) Although the jury is still not out with respect to the relationship long-chain omega-3 PUFAs found in fatty fish and fish oil and prostate cancer risk, progression or severity, I believe the sheer numbers tell us what the lowest hanging fruit is relative to public health focus and resources.  I do agree with the authors that prostate health history should be taken at least be taken into consideration, when weighing potential risk to benefit ratio of increasing long-chain n-3 PUFA intake. 

10) As with so much in science, medicine, health and nutrition, the more data we have access to, the more questions arise.  One burning question this study raises that is of interest to consumers, industry and health care providers—How would these findings change when evaluating specific dietary sources of long-chain n-3 PUFA (e.g., concentrated fish oil supplements vs. Sushi vs. Baked, Grilled or Fried fish)?

Overall, the benefits of increasing omega-3 status (and decreasing omega-6 overabudnance) for most people outweigh potential risks.  Stay tuned…but as always keep a cool head and try to avoid being drawn into dramatic, emotionally-charged and sensational headlines. 

Hector Lopez, MD, CSCS, FAAPMR
Dr. Lopez is a board-certified specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation, with a concentration in spine, sports and musculoskeletal medicine. He also has post-graduate training in nutritional biochemistry. An active researcher, speaker, author, and clinician, he is recognized for uniquely integrating the best available methods in the fields of musculoskeletal medicine, endocrinology and metabolism, regenerative medicine, exercise, and nutritional science. Dr. Lopez has been a founding partner and director of several integrative orthopedic, spine, and sports medicine facilities, and he is a principal and chief medical officer of the Center for Applied Health Sciences (CAHS), a multidisciplinary clinical research institute. Dr. Lopez is also co-founder of Supplement Safety Solutions (SSS), a Nutravigilance, quality assurance, medical monitoring, and regulatory consulting company. In addition, he is a consultant to professional athletes and to the nutritional supplement industry as product developer, research advocate, and safety and regulatory expert.


References:

•   Brasky T, Darke A, Song X, Tangen C, Goodman P, Thompson I, Meyskens F, Goodman G, Minasian L, Parnes H, Klein E, Kristal AR. Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Prostate Cancer Risk
in the SELECT Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013 Jul 10 [Epub ahead of print].

•   Chua ME, Sio MC, Sorongon MC, Morales ML Jr. The relevance of serum levels of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and prostate cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Can Urol Assoc J. 2013 May;7(5-6):E333-43.

•   Harris WS, Pottala JV, Varvel SA, Borowski JJ, Ward JN, McConnell JP. Erythrocyte omega-3 fatty acids increase and linoleic acid decreases with age: observations from 160,000 patients. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2013 Apr;88(4):257-63.

•   Harris WS, Thomas RM. Biological variability of blood omega-3 biomarkers. Clin Biochem. 2010 Feb;43(3):338-40.

•   Harvei S, Bjerve KS, Tretli S, et al. Prediagnostic level of fatty acids in serum phospholipids: omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and the risk of prostate cancer. Int J Cancer. 1997;71(4):545–551.

•   Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Neyman N, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z, Cho H, Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2010, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2010/, based on November 2012 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, 2013.

•   Hu Y, Sun H, Owens RT, Gu Z, Wu J, Chen YQ, O'Flaherty JT, Edwards IJ. Syndecan-1-dependent suppression of PDK1/Akt/bad signaling by docosahexaenoic acid induces apoptosis in prostate cancer. Neoplasia. 2010 Oct;12(10):826-36.

•   Liu Y. Fatty acid oxidation is a dominant bioenergetic pathway in prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2006;9(3):230-4.


•   National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Unpublished Tabulations of the National Health Interview Survey, 2010. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/nhis_2010_data_release.htm.


•   O'Flaherty JT, Hu Y, Wooten RE, Horita DA, Samuel MP, Thomas MJ, Sun H, Edwards IJ. 15-lipoxygenase metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid inhibit prostate cancer cell proliferation and survival. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45480.

•   Sorongon-Legaspi MK, Chua M, Sio MC, Morales M Jr. Blood level omega-3 Fatty acids as risk determinant molecular biomarker for prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer. 2013;2013:875615.

•   Terry P, Lichtenstein P, Feychting M, Ahlbom A, Wolk A. Fatty fish consumption and risk of prostate cancer. Lancet. 2001 Jun 2;357(9270):1764-6.

•   Torfadottir JE, Valdimarsdottir UA, Mucci LA, Kasperzyk JL, Fall K,Tryggvadottir L, Aspelund T, Olafsson O, Harris TB, Jonsson E, Tulinius H, Gudnason V, Adami HO, Stampfer M, Steingrimsdottir L. Consumption of fish products across the lifespan and prostate cancer risk. PLoS One. 2013 Apr 17;8(4):e59799.

•   Zha S, Ferdinandusse S, Hicks JL, Denis S, Dunn TA, Wanders RJ, Luo J, De Marzo AM, Isaacs WB. Peroxisomal branched chain fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway is upregulated in prostate cancer. Prostate. 2005 Jun 1;63(4):316-23.

[Henda]

"diet"

go train your ass off son, that's where's it's at

136 pound man telling us diet is unimportant to putting on muscle.
Think i will pass on this gem of wisdom.

[Oly15]

I know it's a read, but for anyone with health problems please read everything for your own sake

My original post got deleted somehow, but bc this is so important I will retype everything.

Lol. I came in here to make one post. And that is to tell you guys that this is nothing but a study supported and overseen by the FDA and all of it's crooked, bough-out crony motherfuckers.

You see, the FDA doesn't want people to be healthy, nor do the big pharmaceutical companies. So in short, this study was done on the most well-known, taken, and effective supplement, to try and stop people from taking it. Why did John Mccain try to ban supplements in '94? Then again just a few years ago? Bc he nor his pharma bosses don't want you to have a nice, strong, healthy body bc then they cant prescribe you their expensive drugs to "treat" (oh this word, so abused...nothing should be treated, there's always a cure for everything, they just haven't found it or don't want you to know they have) illnesses and diseases that you do not have.

I cured my IBS, CFS, constant morning nausea, daily diarrhea, cramps, food intolerances, lactose intolerance, sebborheaic dermatitus, and many more things such as major mood swings by taking something called Wormwood. It took me 2 years of my own good 'ol internet researching to find it. I had spent $$$$$ on so many supplements that I thought would cure me, even tried scripts, but nothing ever worked. The supps did ease my chronic malaise/physical bowel pain though. All the pharma drugs did was make me feel like shit then they still didnt help me. Insult to injury.

But after being plagued with this shit for so long and feeling so helpless there was only one thing left that it could be. I knew I had to have parasites. Wormwood is an herb that kills over 100 types of parasites. I also take cloves; it kills parasite eggs before they can hatch. This herb singlehandedly got rid of these illnesses or "DIS-EASE" (note the hyphen) that have plagued me since I was a child.

But what do you know? The medical fraternity did not acknowledge any of my problems and quietly called me a hypochondriac, as they did to so many poor people I have spoken with on the internet. They were so quick to prescribe me and others with similar conditions IBS medication and gave me "breathing tips" <<fucking lol and told me how I should get enough sleep, and said I am good to go.

Let me give a short example of their purposeful malpractices and methods that make it a sure thing to miss a bodily illness or in my case, intruder. They examined and tested my stool and said I had zero parasites. Well, I've researched the types of testing they do and it is seriously sick that most people don't know that they test your shit because no parasites are ever in it! They only come out when they are dead which is almost never because they have a perfect host and endless supply of nutrients. The only real parasite test is done with a special capsule and string you swallow which you let it enter your bowels and pull it out hours later then examine. This is how parasites are discovered.

Also, realize that the reason the medical world is so specialized, or taking bullshit semantics out of the equation , the better word would be COMPARTMENTALIZED, is because this is the only way to keep doctors dumb about the whole pathology of the body and how everything is related and seamlessly connected to eachother. The arrogant fucks actually think the body is somewhat separate in its functions.

My "skin doctor" prescribed me some ketoconazole 2% to "treat" my dermatitus. Just google it, it's pretty fucked up looking. He said there's no way to cure it because my body just reacts worse to the fungus than other peoples hence my condition. What a joke. I'll break it down for you like I later did to my doc. If the digestive system is compromised it immediately shows through the skin since it is the largest organ and has the best capacity to release toxins out of it than any other organ. The reason the skin itself breaks out is because the blood carries whatever toxins and harmful organisms the liver has managed to sweep up and it brings it to the surface of the skin. When skin comes in contact with toxins, it breaks out as a reaction. BOOM. that simple. The skin is a peek at what goes on inside your body. That simple.

Not that far fetched if you consider how all my skin problems have gone away completely since healing my bowels and ridding myself of parasites.

WORMWOOD

After taking this I started seeing small red liver flukes, thousands of black specks (which I discovered are actually colonies of billions of bacteria that attach to the intestinal lining), and several thread-like worms. White, very skinny, and small. I've looked at several close up using my scope and confirmed their anatomy.

So bottom line, don't stop taking fish oil. Our medical community is so corrupt and the doctor's themselves are so mislead by the higher fraternity of doctor institutions that it is almost safe to say do the opposite of what they tell you!

Seriously though, go look up the recommended dose of Potassium the FDA has outlined. It's 99 mg. Lol? I take 10x that amount at the correct times and sometimes not even the correct times and all it has done is dry up my subq water. Oh and i felt fine too.

Anyone on this forum that has ANY digestive problems whatsoever or skin problems (all skin problems are directly linked to the digestive system but the fraternity wont tell you this either), I urge you to try wormwood. High doses of it too. Got nothing to lose right?

[Marty Champions]

Laugh at me all you want but about a year ago I stopped takings these things due to nothing more then a gut feeling.

Sometimes you can just feel that your body doesn't like some shit, which in this case turned out to be Now Foods Fish Oil pills.

Still got like 3-4 jars of the stuff tho.

same here i took fishoils for a very short time, i felt like it wasnt doing jack shit

[hardgainerj]

Interestingly, this same study group published a paper in 2011 showing Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was positively associated with high-grade prostate cancer but trans-fatty acids found in participants blood showed a DECREASE risk of aggressive prostate cancer.(Brasky et al. 2011)

[Nomad]

Recent study:    
Omega-3 fats from fish found to significantly lower the risk of breast cancer


http://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f3706

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/262612.php

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/06/130627190653.htm

Quackity quack: Eight evil genius ways to fake a vitamin study (and scare consumers into being afraid of fish oils)

Learn more: http://www.naturalnews.com/041154_fish_oils_scientific_study_science_fraud.html#ixzz2YrFCHq5W
http://www.naturalnews.com/041154_fish_oils_scientific_study_science_fraud.html

Hey, do you have tities or balls? 

AS a guy I'm more concerned about having my balls removed in the future b/c of prostate cancer vs killer tities going on a rampage.  .

[Archer77]

Hey, do you have tities or balls?  

AS a guy I'm more concerned about having my balls removed in the future b/c of prostate cancer vs killer tities going on a rampage.  .

I would recommend seeing a different dr if your dr recommends removing your balls as treatment for prostate cancer

[sean]

I have neglected to take my Super EPA from Now Foods for about 2 weeks now out of shear laziness and my forearm extensors tendonitis is back, this time worse than ever before. I can hardly pick up a 5lb protein jug with that hand.
For now, I'll risk the 70% increase chance so I can actually make it in the gym. (if you want to believe those results). I'll second this link, Nice!

http://www.naturalnews.com/041154_fish_oils_scientific_study_science_fraud.html#ixzz2YrFCHq5W

[Rami]

Yeah that stuff ain't no good. It's full of toxins and heavy metals. I tried it a few times several years back and always felt like it was bad and adverse reactions. I never take it. It's super BS.

[Marty Champions]

I have neglected to take my Super EPA from Now Foods for about 2 weeks now out of shear laziness and my forearm extensors tendonitis is back, this time worse than ever before. I can hardly pick up a 5lb protein jug with that hand.
For now, I'll risk the 70% increase chance so I can actually make it in the gym. (if you want to believe those results). I'll second this link, Nice!

http://www.naturalnews.com/041154_fish_oils_scientific_study_science_fraud.html#ixzz2YrFCHq5W

damn bra

my lower back is killin me i have to start taking protien it seems to help only during the day

[Big Chiro Flex]

Yeah that stuff ain't no good. It's full of toxins and heavy metals. I tried it a few times several years back and always felt like it was bad and adverse reactions. I never take it. It's super BS.

Link for this info???

[honest]

The medical industry wants control of nutritional supplementation to increase profitability, its a global trend. The media will drive it with similar stories, its seen as a way of increasing profits tenfold, the current margin through the likes of GNC or similar type business is not attractive to them, if they can get them controlled they can then dispense them similar to drugs where the mark up is much greater as dosage's are more controlled and this hides the inflated price, imagine if your BCAAs were only 28 to a bottle for the same price, it could happen, freedom is only a word in modern day America.

[The Abdominal Snoman]

The snake oil salesman in the supplement industry are helping push the agenda of a socialistic one world government because of their douchebaggary.