Wolf-Ekkehard Lönnig
Max Planck Institute, Germany 2005
According to the premises of the synthetic theory [neo-darwinian evolution], explaining the origin of the entire world of organisms predominantly by selected mutations, a worldwide revolution in plant breeding research had been expected in the late 1930s, which was reinforced by Nobel laureate Josef H. Muller in 1946 especially for first decades after the Second World War.
However, due to the fact that:
(a) “many programmes failed...to produce anything useful”,
(b) “almost all mutants distinguish themselves by negative selection values”,
(c) “all kinds of mutations are even more frequently lethal and more strongly diminishing vitality and fertility in animals”,
(d) the overall results “have been rather meager in relation to the efforts expended”,
(e) “in spite of an enormous financial expenditure... [mutation breeding] widely proved to be a failure”,
(f) “the objective of practical plant breeding...could not be realized” neither by “macro-mutations” nor by “micro-mutations”,
(g) none of the modifying measures applied could help fulfilling “the ultimate hope of obtaining more of the ‘better’ mutants”,
- the overall result was that these strong anticipations concerning a revolution in plant breeding, accompanied by an intense euphoria especially among geneticists and agronomical scientists after the Second World War, ended up in a worldwide failure and breakdown of mutation breeding as an autonomous branch of breeding research in the 1980s at the latest in most Western countries.
The variations induced are mostly losses-of-function-mutations (often including many alleles with a series of gradually reduced functions) and they are either neutral or slightly disadvantageous for the organisms thus affected, yet in some cases they are useful for the breeder as well as micro-evolution as shown above. Generally, “the great majority of the changes should be harmful in their effects, just as any alterations made blindly in a complicated apparatus are usually detrimental to its proper functioning...” (see Muller, as quoted in the introduction).
Since in all cases of sufficiently extensive mutagenesis experiments (saturation mutagenesis) a large, but well-defined spectrum of mutant phenotypes has been realized (asymptotically approaching the saturation line especially for the micro-quantitative part of variation), the possibilities and limits of mutation breeding are directly defined by the areas and boundaries of this spectrum of mutants of the lines treated within a species.
[link to
www.unser-auge.de]
In other words, it has been scientifically demonstrated over and over and over and over again, that the mutation variation potential of a species is extremely limited, and these changes never improve the species beyond its original function.
Scientists who actually do empirical population genetics studies, KNOW that evolution is impossible. It's only the non-empirical, theoretical-imagineering Darwinian Mystics that believe it is not only possible, but MUST have happened because their dirt-worshiping faith is so strong.
Teaching of Evolution = 100% BLUFFING
Evolutionists: accumulated mutations and selection can not produce new types of functional organisms, no matter how much time you allow. You have no mechanism. Get over it.
Science has consistently demonstrated that Evolution is impossible. Evolution continues into the 21st century as nothing more than a philosophy and religion.
I hope this settles this nonsense..........ADAM and other morons. I was once again right. GOD, GOD, GOD created everything. Fucking pricks.
