Would consider the 5X5 system, one form of Bill Star's result producing training. Football players and other athletes are put on similar programs to improve muscle mass and strength. Results can come in a somewhat short period of time.
5x5's usually have the basic big boy exercises like squats, benches or BB rows. Some will replace the bench with dips (weighted). BB rows with Chins (weighted) and squats with DL. Most any compound (use of more than one muscle joint) exercise seems to work well, but keep them down to 3 each a workout. . Many will throw in 3 sets of BB curls and/or tricep presses at the end of a training session.
With any productive BB'ing workout, you want to keep a good pace and have the rest period between sets to 90 seconds. Between exercises, 3 to 4 minutes. In true BB'ing you are using moderate to semi heavy weight, keeping that faster pace (a form of TUT) and never going to a point of failure. Failure on just about every set will put more unneeded stress on the joints/tendons/ligaments. And in return open the door to injury. Also affecting recovery time between workouts.....can slow or even hault progress in some cases.
Should finish this style program under 45 minutes (warmup's included..which most guys spend too much time on and to heavy to boot). This faster pace will improve cardio quite well for most. Can do these workouts 3 times or even 2 times a week.
Might also consider interval short burst of cardio training. Example might be Tabata training, where there is a very intense 20 second effort, followed by a 10 second rest, than back to a 20 effort, 10 rest pause, 20 second effort, etc, etc,. Any where from 6 to as high as 9 intense/rest cycle. Probably in the range of 5 to 9 minutes for a result producing Worthy of a search for more details. Many other forms of interval training also. Can do this, or any other type of cardio...lots of options out there.
Do cardio on the same day as the lifting workout, but never do any form of cardio right after that lifting session. Have at least 3 to 4 hour distance between each training session; lifting/cardio.
Good Luck.