I know what a 401k is. I know what stocks claim to be.
It's still made up. Gold, diamonds, lobster (the roach of the sea)
The lemmings eat it up.
No, it's not made up.
Say I own 100% of my company. I started it and built it up. Now I need capital to expand.
I sell 60% of my company by going public with a stock offering of 500,000 shares. Each share is valued based on it's % of the company's worth at that time. They stock is sold, the money raised allows me to expand the business. I still hold 40% ownership which plenty to control the company as the rest of the shares are owned by many shareholders.
(Bill Gates only owns a little over 1% of Microsoft now. Yet he's worth crazy billions.)
Now, my company is going gangbusters and growing like crazy and the capitalized value of all the stock goes up with it.
If the company was completely liquidated or
sold intact today, all assets sold off, debts paid off, and the proceeds distributed to the owners (stockholders), what would you get? The proceeds divided by the stock shares basically.
That's the ideal scenario. In the real world speculators get involved and may bid up the price over and above its capitalized values.
This becomes a game of hot potato for the stockholders if they bought in at high prices since eventually the stock price may return to reasonable values.
Tesla is an example of a stock that is crazily valued at this time out of all proportion to the revenue it generates, etc. Why? People think it's future potential is great and they are playing hot potato, paying way over its capitalized value. May or may not come to fruition.
So, if you're smart, should you buy Tesla? Depends on what you believe the future to hold. It's risky.
The stock market currently is over-valued by quite a bit. Should you buy in now or wait till it drops? What is your alternative? Stay in cash. Invest in CDs that pay 0.5%? Buy real estate? You have a few options but not many.
Some times real estate is the right choice, sometimes its the wrong choice. The stock market is the same way. You have to make wise choices.
Having a 401k or IRA is not enough. You have to make wise choices where your 401k is invested. These programs are not designed to make you rich. They are designed to invest money you made doing something else to create the money.