the study says abosultey nothing about the daily protein intake of all the participants, there was zero control over that.. the patients were allowed to eat whatever they normally ate..? panda its obviously a horrible study
if protein intake is sufficient on a daily basis, with a fairly even distribution of protein intake over at least 3 meals.. there is ZERO benefit to taking pre/during/post protien ...
calories were equal - as was protein intake for the day. 1 group got great results the others didn't despite calories being equal - how can there be zero benefit
they are also trained subjects, not newbies. i would assume they take in adequate protein daily already in their daily diet, however i do not gave the full paper yet so yes i cannot be 100% sure.
As far as i know this is the only study done to date that compares pre/post nutrition compared with the same shake taken at different times of the day - AND while maintaning daily diet.
Unless you have found a study i do not know that compares the same and shows no benefit how can you make the claim that there is zero benefit to pre/post wo nutrition