Maybe, but tribalism did. Not all tribes get on well with each other. In a sense, a form of racism has been around since the dawn of time.
Prudence , small family groups (with kidnap females) existed , tribe is much larger mob.
Aussie Abos until 1920 existed as a family groups to 10 members , New Guineas (far more intelligent than Abos) lived in tribes, just like American Indians.
Interestingly, Abos would never kill females from other group , but young boys

If 1 Abo bro get married, another bro can bonk his wife 2

(welcome to the 21st century

)