First, the Crawford Nutt stuff:
An exception to the pattern of low African test scores is a study by Crawford-Nutt (1976) who found that 228 African high school students from Johannesburg had a mean score equal to that for Whites. Crawford-Nutt (1976) used a special demonstration apparatus to administer the SPM to ensure complete understanding of the test requirements. The mean score for the African pupils was the same as the mean for the Raven's normative group. The author concluded that "[T]he frequently encountered poor performance of Blacks on tests of ability could be simply an artifact of the method of administering the test'' (p. 205). Unfortunately, the author did not use a control group, which did not receive the special instructions. Whether the performance of Crawford-Nutt's testees is attributable to the special test instructions or to the fact that this particular high school attracts only the top students from feeder schools is not clear
http://www.charlesdarwinresearch.org/Intell00Ravens.pdfSecondly, let's go back over that which we have discussed before, that being, the very substance pointing toward intelligence being genetic i.e: read the below piece, and pay attention to the bullet points which list the evidence to suggest IQ is genetic - things such as adoption studies and CONSISTENT IQ scores over the years, again all of which I have stated MANY times...oh and, PAY ATTENTION TO THE RESEARCH CITED, and moreover, OBSERVE WHICH ACADEMIC BODIES AND LEARNED ASSOCIATIONS ARE INVOLVED i.e: You can see EXACTLY what constitutes the PROFESSIONAL consensus on the matter.
Study claims IQ differences at least 50% genetic:
A 60-page review of the scientific evidence, some based on state-of-the-art magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain size, has concluded that race differences in average IQ are largely genetic. The lead article in the June 2005 issue of Psychology, Public Policy and Law, a journal of the American Psychological Association, examined 10 categories of research evidence from around the world to contrast "a hereditarian model (50% genetic-50% cultural) and a culture-only model (0% genetic-100% cultural)."
The paper, "Thirty Years of Research on Race Differences in Cognitive Ability," by J. Philippe Rushton of the University of Western Ontario and Arthur R. Jensen of the University of California at Berkeley, appeared with a positive commentary by Linda Gottfredson of the University of Delaware, three critical ones (by Robert Sternberg of Yale University, Richard Nisbett of the University of Michigan, and Lisa Suzuki & Joshua Aronson of New York University), and the authors' reply.
"Neither the existence nor the size of race differences in IQ are a matter of dispute, only their cause," write the authors. The Black-White difference has been found consistently from the time of the massive World War I Army testing of 90 years ago to a massive study of over 6 million corporate, military, and higher-education test-takers in 2001.
"Race differences show up by 3 years of age, even after matching on maternal education and other variables," said Rushton. "Therefore they cannot be due to poor education since this has not yet begun to exert an effect. That's why Jensen and I looked at the genetic hypothesis in detail. We examined 10 categories of evidence."
1. The Worldwide Pattern of IQ Scores. East Asians average higher on IQ tests than Whites, both in the U. S. and in Asia, even though IQ tests were developed for use in the Euro-American culture. Around the world, the average IQ for East Asians centers around 106; for Whites, about 100; and for Blacks about 85 in the U.S. and 70 in sub-Saharan Africa.
2. Race Differences are Most Pronounced on Tests that Best Measure the General Intelligence Factor (g). Black-White differences, for example, are larger on the Backward Digit Span test than on the less g loaded Forward Digit Span test.
3. The Gene-Environment Architecture of IQ is the Same in all Races, and Race Differences are Most Pronounced on More Heritable Abilities. Studies of Black, White, and East Asian twins, for example, show the heritability of IQ is 50% or higher in all races.
4. Brain Size Differences. Studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) find a correlation of brain size with IQ of about 0.40. Larger brains contain more neurons and synapses and process information faster. Race differences in brain size are present at birth. By adulthood, East Asians average 1 cubic inch more cranial capacity than Whites who average 5 cubic inches more than Blacks.
5. Trans-Racial Adoption Studies. Race differences in IQ remain following adoption by White middle class parents. East Asians grow to average higher IQs than Whites while Blacks score lower. The Minnesota Trans-Racial Adoption Study followed children to age 17 and found race differences were even greater than at age 7: White children, 106; Mixed-Race children, 99; and Black children, 89.
6. Racial Admixture Studies. Black children with lighter skin, for example, average higher IQ scores. In South Africa, the IQ of the mixed-race "Colored" population averages 85, intermediate to the African 70 and White 100.
7. IQ Scores of Blacks and Whites Regress toward the Averages of Their Race. Parents pass on only some exceptional genes to offspring so parents with very high IQs tend to have more average children. Black and White children with parents of IQ 115 move to different averages--Blacks toward 85 and Whites to 100.
8. Race Differences in Other "Life-History" Traits. East Asians and Blacks consistently fall at two ends of a continuum with Whites intermediate on 60 measures of maturation, personality, reproduction, and social organization. For example, Black children sit, crawl, walk, and put on their clothes earlier than Whites or East Asians.
9. Race Differences and the Out-of-Africa theory of Human Origins. East Asian-White-Black differences fit the theory that modern humans arose in Africa about 100,000 years ago and expanded northward. During prolonged winters there was evolutionary selection for higher IQ created by problems of raising children, gathering and storing food, gaining shelter, and making clothes.
10. Do Culture-Only Theories Explain the Data? Culture-only theories do not explain the highly consistent pattern of race differences in IQ, especially the East Asian data. No interventions such as ending segregation, introducing school busing, or "Head Start" programs have reduced the gaps as culture-only theory would predict.
In their article, Rushton and Jensen also address some of the policy issues that stem from their conclusions. Their main recommendation is that people be treated as individuals, not as members of groups. They emphasized that their paper pertains only to average differences. They also called for the need to accurately inform the public about the true nature of individual and group differences, genetics and evolutionary biology.
Rushton and Jensen are well-known for research on racial differences in intelligence. Jensen hypothesized a genetic basis for Black-White IQ differences in his 1969 Harvard Educational Review article. His later books Bias in Mental Tests (1980) and The g Factor (1998), as well as Rushton's (1995) Race, Evolution, and Behavior, show that tests are not biased against English speaking minorities and that Black-White-East Asian differences in brain size and IQ belong in an evolutionary framework.
From Charles Darwin Research Institute
http://www.scienceblog.com/cms/node/7669----------------------
Lastly, let's go into a little further detail re: what the EXPERTS IN THIS REALM i.e: WHAT PSYCHOLOGISTS REALLY THINK, RATHER THAN THE MISREPRESENTED CRAP THAT PASSES FOR FACT IN THE CONTROLLED MEDIA.
Journalists have...clearly misrepresented the views of the relevant scientific community as to the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in explaining differences in IQ...One would be forced to conclude from reading the newspapers and newsmagazines and watching television that only a few maverick "experts" support the view that genetic variation plays a significant role in individual or group differences, while the vast majority of experts believe that such differences are purely the result of environmental factors.
Taken from: "The IQ Controversy, by Rothman and Snyderman"
http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/the-iq-controversy--by-mark-snyderman-and-stanley-rothman-7538Check out this wiki page - ignore the bullshit cynical slant wiki gives it, just focus on the substance:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snyderman_and_Rothman_(study)
Mainstream Science on Intelligence:
http://www.udel.edu/educ/gottfredson/reprints/1994WSJmainstream.pdfNow, any questions?
To make a long story short: it's all about GENETICS baby!
