Nothing is perfect, but if doing the Tabata protocol the intended way, it comes very close. The V2O max/ reduction of oxygen debt, is the prime factor. As a part of interval training, the Tabata method does not only rely on running/sprints as part of the plan, far from it. Many other options in the mix.
The Tabata protocol was first seriously used for Olympic style bike sprints, by Dr. Tabata. Stationary/spinning bikes, rowing machines, Air Dyne (Schwinn), rope skipping, swimming, punching a heavy bag, squats, cleans, etc, etc ,etc.. Most anything that allows max effort for a 20 second duration, with a 10 second pause between each 20 second effort. Anywhere from 4 to 8 (max) 20/10 cycles, twice or three times a week for most guy's.
Pretty simple to understand and very basic. Just need a stop watch, wall clock or whatever. Or have some one time the 20 seconds and pause for you during the exercises. Tends to jack up the metabolism very well, burning fat at a higher level. I've done sprints, in heavy sand, for football with excellent results. Also sprinting along fire trails in the mountains around me. Good Luck